Minarets are the towers of mosques from which the adhan, the call to prayer, is sung by the muezzin five times of the day. The earliest minarets were appropriated Greek watchtowers or any tall architectural structure with an open balcony. Eventuall

Minarets are the towers of mosques from which the adhan, the call to prayer, is sung by the muezzin five times of the day. The earliest minarets were appropriated Greek watchtowers or any tall architectural structure with an open balcony. Eventually, minarets were included in the overall plan of mosques. Today, the sound of the call is standard in public spaces in the Middle East, North Africa, Indonesia, Pakistan, and India. In Manhattan, where there is a large Muslim population, the call to prayer, if it is sung publicly at all, is usually broadcast at a low volume by mosques, often at ground level.

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Clocktower Gallery, New York City, 2001

Clocktower Gallery, New York City, 2001

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Battle of the Nations Monument, Leipzig, Germany 2003

Battle of the Nations Monument, Leipzig, Germany 2003

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Enver Hoxha Monument (Pyramide), Tirana, Albania 2005 performed as part of the Tirana Biennale

Enver Hoxha Monument (Pyramide), Tirana, Albania 2005
performed as part of the Tirana Biennale